AMD is a degenerative condition of the macula that affects the central part of vision. The macula is the central area of the retina that is used for our most detailed viewing.

There are 2 types of AMD:

AMD is a degenerative condition of the macula that affects the central part of vision. The macula is the central area of the retina that is used for our most detailed viewing.

There are 2 types of AMD:

1. Dry Macular Degeneration is the most common type. This is generally a slowly progressive condition caused by the breakdown of the retinal pigment layer of the macula called RPE. Your eye doctor can see these pigment changes and sometimes yellow deposits called “drusen.” These changes may cause distorted or blurry vision.
2. Wet Macular Degeneration is more rare and more severe. It generally causes rapid loss of central vision associated with wavy lines. This is due to the leakage of fluid and swelling in the macula. This central vision loss can make it difficult to read and recognize faces.
   
   There are no treatments currently available for dry AMD. Even the treatments available for wet AMD are limited in their ability to improve vision. The key is prevention.
    

1. Have regular eye examinations that include dilating your eyes:
   a. Every year if you have not been diagnosed with AMD.
   b. Those with AMD should be seen every 6 months at least.
2. Check your vision at home. Everyone should periodically cover each eye to evaluate any changes in vision. You can also use an “amsler grid” to carefully evaluate the health of your macula.
3. Vitamins are extremely helpful in slowing the progression of macular degeneration. Everyone should inform their primary care doctor of the vitamins they are taking to ensure they do not conflict with your other medications and health conditions.
   a. ICAPS and Ocuvite are brand name vitamins specifically made for the eyes. Some formulas have lutein, some have high amounts of Vitamin A.
   Note: Our office recommends the “AREDs” formula or “Preservision” which is made of high doses of vitamin A along with vitamin C, E, and Zinc. Take 2-4 per day.
   In addition, it is always good to take a separate lutein supplement or eat plenty of green leafy vegetables.
4. Ultra-violet (UV) light has been associated with progression of age related eye diseases. It is critical to protect your eyes from the sun. This doesn’t necessarily mean your lenses need to be tinted. Even clear glasses can have 100% UV protection if made for that purpose. Our office provides samples of large sunglasses including side shields, which work very well to protect your eyes.
5. Smoking has been shown to cause progression of AMD. It is critical to quit smoking, especially if you have been told you have AMD. **Smokers should not take high doses of Vitamin A as this can increase your risk for lung cancer. Therefore, do not take Ocuvite Preservision or ICAPS AREDS formula if you smoke.

Although the exact cause of AMD is unknown, several studies show the following individuals may be at risk:

• People over the age of 60
• People with hypertension
• People with a family history
• People that smoke

The progression of AMD can be slow or rapid, but the deterioration of central vision generally occurs over a period of a few years. If you experience the following, see you eye doctor right away:

• Straight lines appear wavy
• Difficulty seeing at a distance
• Decreased ability to distinguish colors
• Inability to see details, such as faces or words in a book
• Dark or empty spots block you center of vision